Nezvemhangura

Mhangurandeimwe yesimbi dzekutanga dzakawanikwa uye dzakashandiswa nevanhu, yepepuru-tsvuku, dhiravhiti chaiyo 8.89, poindi yekunyunguduka 1083.4℃. Mhangura nesimbi dzayo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugona kwayo kupinza magetsi uye kupisa, kuramba ngura kwakasimba, kugadziriswa kuri nyore, simba rakanaka rekusunga uye simba rekuneta, yechipiri chete simbi nearuminiyamu mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvesimbi, uye zvave zvinhu zvekutanga zvakakosha uye zvinhu zvine chekuita nehupfumi hwenyika nehupenyu hwevanhu, mapurojekiti ekudzivirira nyika uye kunyange minda yepamusoro-soro. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemagetsi, indasitiri yemichina, indasitiri yemakemikari, indasitiri yekudzivirira nyika nemamwe madhipatimendi. Hupfu hwemhangura hwakatsetseka chinhu chakagadzirwa nesimbi isina kusimba ine mhangura iyo yasvika padanho remhando yepamusoro kuburikidza nemaitiro ekuwedzera uye inogona kupihwa zvakananga kune vanonyungudutsa mhangura kuti inyungudike.

Mhangura isimbi inorema, nzvimbo yayo yekunyunguduka ndeye 1083 degrees Celsius, nzvimbo yekufashaira ndeye 2310 degrees, mhangura chaiyo ine ruvara rwepepuru-tsvuku. Simbi yemhangura ine simba rakanaka remagetsi nekupisa, uye simba rayo remagetsi riri pechipiri musimbi dzese, riri pechipiri kune sirivha chete. Simba rayo rekupisa riri pechitatu, riri pechipiri kune sirivha negoridhe. Mhangura yakachena inonyungudika zvakanyanya, yakakura sedonhwe remvura, inogona kukweverwa mushinda yakareba mamita 2,000, kana kumonererwa mufoil yakafara kupfuura pamusoro pemubhedha.

 

"Kuputira mhangura chena yephosphor" kunofanira kureva "mhangura yephosphorus ine chifukidziro chichena pamusoro". "Kuputira mhangura chena" uye "mhangura yephosphorus" zvinofanira kunzwisiswa zvakasiyana.

Kuputira chena -- Ruvara rwechitarisiko chependi chena. Chipfeko chepurasitiki chakasiyana kana firimu repasi rakasiyana, ruvara rwechitarisiko chependi chena rwakasiyanawo. Phosphor copper tinning yemidziyo yemagetsi yakachena isina pasi.

 

Mhangura yephosphorus - mhangura ine phosphorus. Mhangura yephosphorus iri nyore kusanganisa uye inochinjika zvakanaka, uye inowanzoshandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi.

 

Mhangura tsvukuimhangura. Inowana zita rayo kubva paruvara rwayo rwepepuru. Ona mhangura kuti uwane hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana.

Mhangura tsvuku imhangura chaiyo yeindasitiri, pokunyunguduka kwayo i1083 °C, hapana shanduko yeisomerism, uye huwandu hwayo hwakafanana ne8.9, zvakapetwa kashanu kupfuura magnesium. Inorema 15% kupfuura simbi yakajairika. Yakatsvuka, yepepuru mushure mekuumbwa kwefirimu re oxide pamusoro, saka inowanzonzi mhangura. Imhangura ine huwandu hwakati hweokisijeni, saka inonziwo mhangura ine oxygen.

Mhangura tsvuku inonzi zita rayo nekuda kweruvara rwayo rutsvuku rwepepuru. Haisi mhangura chaiyo, uye dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvishoma zvinobviswa oxidation kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinowedzerwa kuti zvinhu zvivandudzwe uye mashandiro azvo, saka zvinoiswawo muchikamu che copper alloy. Zvinhu zvekugadzira mhangura zvekuChina zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvina zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwayo: mhangura yakajairika (T1, T2, T3, T4), mhangura isina oxygen (TU1, TU2 uye mhangura isina oxygen yakawanda), mhangura yakabviswa oxidized (TUP, TUMn), uye mhangura yakakosha (arsenic copper, tellurium copper, silver copper) ine zvinhu zvishoma zvekuisa alloying. Kufambisa kwemagetsi nekupisa kwemhangura ndiko kunotevera sirivha, uye kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira michina inodzora uye inopisa. Mhangura iri mumhepo, mvura yegungwa uye mamwe maasidhi asina oxidizing (hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid), alkali, salt solution uye akasiyana-siyana ma organic acids (acetic acid, citric acid), ine resistance yakanaka yengura, inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemakemikari. Pamusoro pezvo, mhangura inogona kusungirirwa zvakanaka uye inogona kugadzirwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakapedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa nekugadzirwa kwechando nethermoplastic. Muma1970, kugadzirwa kwemhangura tsvuku kwakapfuura kugadzirwa kwese kwemamwe ma alloys emhangura.